One traditional technique for committing a list of items to memory involves imagining that one is traveling a familiar route in one’s town while stopping to place an image of each item at specific landmarks on the route. This technique, called the method of loci, was used by Greek orators such as Cicero and Simonides as a means of organizing and remembering points in their speeches. - PILICLE OF CROSSES
Indeed, some investigators hold that pure rote learning (in which no use is made of established memories except to directly perceive the stimuli) is rare or nonexistent. They suggest that all learning elaborates on memories already available.
nonsense syllables are learned more slowly than are an equal number of common words; if both are studied for the same length of time, the better-learned common words will be forgotten more slowly.
Thus, while primacy effects remain essentially undisturbed, a delay as short as 15 seconds can abolish the recency phenomenon.
Tasks have been devised that produce wide differences in recall but for which no differences in relearning are observed. (Some theorists attribute this to a form of heavy interference among learned data that has only momentary influence on retention.) Six months or a year after initial learning, some tests may give zero recall scores but can show savings in relearning. This suggests a cumulative effect, whereby previously acquired knowledge enhances future learning.
As an aspect of episodic memory, autobiographical memories are unique to each individual. The study of autobiographical memory poses problems, because it is difficult to prove whether the events took place as reported. Using diary methods, researchers have found that people recall actions more accurately than thoughts—except in the case of emotionally charged thoughts, which are particularly well-remembered.
Although very few errors are made by those undergoing tests of autobiographical memory, any errors typically involve mixing the details of separate events into one episode.
psychologist Elizabeth Loftus showed that even the manner in which people are questioned about an event can alter their memory of it. Other studies have shown that psychotherapists may inadvertently implant false memories in the minds of their clients. Such outcomes illustrate the degree to which imagination can have powerful effects on memory.
For example, after studying the words bed, rest, wake, tired, awake, dream, doze, blanket, snooze, drowsy, snore, and nap, a large number of subjects will claim to recall seeing the word sleep, even though it was not on the list.
all memories seem to be established in specific surroundings or contexts, and subsequent efforts to remember tend to be less effective when the circumstances differ from the original. Alcoholics, when sober, tend to have trouble finding bottles they have hidden while intoxicated; when they drink again, the task is much easier.
the newly encoded memory comes to resemble those previously established—i.e., it accrues meaning. For example, a nonsense word such as lajor might be encoded as major.
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amnesics are able to remember some types of new information, though they may be unaware that they are remembering. This was proved in the early 20th century by the French physician Édouard Claparède, who used a pin to prick an amnesic woman each time he shook her hand. Later the patient would not shake hands with Claparède, even though she could not readily explain why.
Larry L. Jacoby demonstrated that, whereas older adults are able to remember the gist of an action or event just as well as younger adults, they are unable to recollect the specific details that were involved.
familiarity (recognition) and source memory (recollection) of a given event
as people age, they are less able to recall specific details of the events related to the familiar person or thing.
Research in the 1990s by the American psychologist Timothy A. Salthouse suggested that age-related declines in working memory, and in the speed by which information is processed, can reduce a person’s ability to remember specific details of previous events.
Changes in the brains of older adults, especially in the frontal lobes and hippocampal area, also may result in age-related memory deficits. More severe and widespread changes in the brain are related to the massive declines in memory functioning seen in Alzheimer disease, also known as Senile Dementia of Alzheimer Type or SDAT (see memory abnormality). - https://www.britannica.com/science/memory-psychology/Amnesia
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Others worry constantly, and that stress keeps them from focusing on the task at hand. Some procrastinate because they fear failure; others procrastinate because they fear success or are so perfectionistic that they don’t want to let themselves down.
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- I'll accomplish this via a blind trust so you will remain unknown, even to me.